Analysis

What did Lincoln say about colonizing freed slaves?

Short answer: Lincoln publicly advocated for colonizing freed slaves, believing racial separation would reduce suffering for both Black and white Americans. He promoted Central American colonies but acknowledged shifting views as wartime progressed.

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Portrait of Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln

AI reconstruction · Primary-source grounded · Confidence: strong

The record on this is plain enough, for I spoke at some length on the subject — and I will not pretend the words were comfortable ones. On August 14, 1862, I invited a committee of free Black men to the White House — the first such meeting of its kind — and urged upon them the cause of colonization. I told them directly that “Your race suffer very greatly, many of them, by living among us, while ours suffer from your presence”. That was my stated reasoning: that the presence of two races on this continent, bound together by the institution of slavery, was a source of suffering on both sides. I went further and acknowledged the wrong done to them, saying in that same address that “Your race are suffering, in my judgment, the greatest wrong inflicted on any people” Yet I pressed on regardless and urged separation. The colony I most particularly had in mind was in Central America — nearer than Liberia, on a great highway of trade, and suited, I argued, to the climate men of African descent were accustomed to. I called upon the intelligent free men before me to lead the way, framing it as a sacrifice for the good of those still in bondage. I will say plainly, by inference, that my thinking on this subject shifted over the course of the war. The colonization projects themselves largely failed — through corruption, diplomatic resistance, and the simple fact that free men had little reason to leave the country of their birth. Whether I had fully abandoned the idea by the spring of 1865, I cannot say with certainty from my documented record alone.

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